Is Guile installed in your profile? You’ll need that in order to have the right shell config to source to get the necessary load path environment variables.
Alternatively, use guix shell:
dave@ikaruga ~$ guix shell guile guile-quickcheck
dave@ikaruga ~ [env]$ guile
GNU Guile 3.0.9
Copyright (C) 1995-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Guile comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `,show w'.
This program is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `,show c' for details.
Enter `,help' for help.
scheme@(guile-user)> (use-modules (quickcheck))
scheme@(guile-user)> ,apropos quickcheck
(quickcheck): quickcheck-results #<procedure quickcheck-results (test)>
(quickcheck): quickcheck #<procedure quickcheck (test)>
(quickcheck): configure-quickcheck
scheme@(guile-user)>